中国乡村旅游的发展阶段和新趋势

我国乡村旅游发展到今天，经历了初创、产业成形、全面发展3个阶段，并且正在酝酿着新的变革，这些预示了乡村旅游的远大前景。     

突脉青冈纤维特征和化学成分研究

对突脉青冈纤维形态和化学成分的测定和分析，揭示了突脉青冈纤维形态和化学成分的特征及其纤维形态随树龄的变化规律，结果表明：突脉青冈木材可作为林产工业的纤维材料使用。     

Multiple marking of otoliths of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., with alizarin redS to compare efficiency of stocking of three early life stages

Abstract  This study examined stocking with three early life stages of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in the context of rehabilitating a native lineage. Experimental sections in five streams were stocked successively with three stages (I: unfed fry at the end of the reabsorption phase, II: fed fry measuring 2–3 cm and III: fed fry measuring 4–5 cm) derived from a hatchery stock bred from wild spawners. The three stages were distinguished by single or multiple fluoromarking of the otoliths with alizarin redS. The index of relative stocking efficiency was greater for stage II than for stage I in all sections and equivalent or greater than that for stage III. Stage II achieved significantly larger mean length and weight in autumn than stage III stockings.     

水稻拔节期和抽穗期低温对稻米品质影响

【目的】为了探讨低温冷害对水稻品质的影响,以便为气候变化背景下辽宁地区水稻的高效栽培和品质认证提供理论依据。【方法】以水稻90-35为供试品种,分别于拔节期和抽穗期通过TRP-1000D型人工智能气候箱进行不同低温处理(比外界低5℃和低3℃,均持续5 d),以正常栽培管理作对照,5个处理,分别记为CK、A1、A2、B1、B2,分析拔节期和抽穗期不同等级低温胁迫处理对水稻的营养品质、研磨品质和外观品质的影响。【结果】低温胁迫下90-35水稻的蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量较CK显著增加,处理A1、A2、B1、B2的蛋白质含量分别比CK增加3.45%、1.15%、6.90%、8.05%,除处理B1外直链淀粉含量分别比CK增加1.75%、0.44%、0.44%;脂肪酸含量和精米率较CK显著减少,处理A1、A2、B1、B2的脂肪酸含量分别比CK减少17.75%、7.5%、25%、11%,精米率分别比CK减少2.1%、6.95%、0.22%、7.5%。拔节期低温胁迫下糙米率和垩白粒率显著减少,处理A1、A2的糙米率分别比CK减少0.73%、1.09%,垩白粒率分别比CK减少33.3%、22.2%;抽雄期低温胁迫下糙米率和垩白粒率显著增加,处理B1、B2的的糙米率分别比CK增加0.6%、3.02%,垩白粒率分别比CK增加255.6%、133.3%,即低温胁迫使其营养品质和研磨品质中的精米率受到负面影响,而拔节期适当低温胁迫处理对其研磨品质中的糙米率和外观品质有益。【结论】水稻90-35在不同生育时期经受不同低温胁迫处理后,水稻的营养品质、研磨品质和外观品质均受到不同程度的影响。     

蔗糖与麦芽糖质量浓度及添加成分对水稻成熟胚培养的效应

以IR54、639、金糯2号、特优63等4个水稻品种的成熟胚为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,研究了蔗糖与麦芽糖质量浓度及不同添加成分对水稻成熟胚培养的影响.结果表明,在这2种糖质量浓度及其配比试验中,在麦芽糖与蔗糖总量为60 g.L-1下,麦芽糖与蔗糖质量浓度比为1∶2时,愈伤组织诱导率、愈伤组织分化率、绿苗分化率均最高;0.5 mg.L-12,4-D和2 mg.L-1KT配合使用,比使用其他激素配比效果好;不同水稻基因型在不同培养基中的诱导效应存在差异.     

不同温度和温湿度组合对米蛾的影响

不同温度处理对米蛾有不同饲养效应。试验结果表明:以26℃饲养米蛾效果最好,幼虫存活率,平均蛹重,平均蛹长,成蛾率,产卵量,繁殖倍数均居首位。25℃和28℃对米蛾的生长发育和生殖产卵均有不利影响,21℃不适合米蛾生长发育的需要。在26℃条件下,采用人工加湿的办法,使相对湿度保持在84％左右,对米蛾生长发育和繁殖均有明显促进作用,各项生物学指标分别达到:幼虫存活率95.8％,平均蛹重31.54毫克.平均蛹长9.64毫米;成蛾率55％,单雌产卵量370粒,群体繁殖倍数达59倍。降低湿度,不但延缓米蛾的发育进度,还直接降低了米蛾的产卵量和繁殖倍数。     

小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

从完整的小麦种子和它的离体胚成功地诱导出了愈伤组织。愈伤组织诱导和继代培养基中2,4-D、VB_1和肌醇的浓度影响植株再生频率。在分化培养基中加入500mg/L 水解酪蛋白促植再生。KT 对于愈伤组织的生长和分化有抑制作用。不同品种愈伤组织的植株再生能力相差很大,京红8号的植株再生频率较高,为76%。     

早熟杏胚培养技术研究

用２个早熟杏品种进行胚培试验。结果表明，剥去种皮与足够时间的低温处理是早熟杏胚培成功的先决条件；ＭＳ培养基比改良Ｔｕｋｅｙ培养基更适于吉胚的生长。     

猪粪与磷石膏配合施用对菱镁矿粉尘污染土壤化学性状的影响

辽宁省菱镁矿煅烧产生的粉尘对土壤污染越来越严重,但目前关于菱镁矿粉尘污染土壤的改良机理并不清楚,为此采用大石桥市菱镁矿粉尘重度污染土壤进行盆栽试验,研究了猪粪与磷石膏配合施用对菱镁矿粉尘污染土壤化学性状的影响。结果表明,施用磷石膏、猪粪与磷石膏配合施用可降低土壤pH幅度为0.3～0.6,增加水溶性钙镁比值(Ca2 /Mg2 )幅度为1.57～3.02。单施猪粪、猪粪与磷石膏配合施用增加了土壤中速效氮、磷、钾的含量。单施猪粪对土壤pH和Ca2 /Mg2 影响不显著,单施磷石膏增加了土壤中速效磷含量,施用猪粪与磷石膏可以有效地改善菱镁矿粉尘污染废弃地的土壤化学性状,且以两者配合施用的效果最好。     

Study on Plant Regeneration of Wheat Mature Embryos Under Endosperm-Supported Culture

To reveal the suitability of using mature embryos as an explant source in wheat tissue culture, mature embryos from eight common wheat cultivars （Triticum aestivum L. cv.） were cultured with or without endosperm to test their efficiency of callus induction and plant regeneration. When embryos were cultured together with endosperm （endosperm-supported culture, ES）, the percentage of callus induction was significantly lower than that when embryos were cultured in the absence of endosperm （non-endosperm-supported culture, NES）. This pattern was evident in most genotypes, regardless of whether 2 or 8 mg L^-1 2,4-D was added in the NES culture. However, in ES culture, more induced calli were differentiated into distinct green spots and they further developed into plantlets. Thus, more plants were regenerated in ES culture than in the NES treatment. Most of the eight tested genotypes showed a significant difference in callus induction rate and plantlet regeneration in both ES and NES cultures. In addition, the enzymatic activity of oxalate oxidase in the callus of ES culture condition was obviously higher than that in the callus of NES culture condition, suggesting that the activity of oxalate oxidase may be a parameter for selection of calli with potential for plantlet regeneration. These results indicate that wheat mature embryos are valuable explants for highly efficient callus induction and plant regeneration, if proper treatment and medium are used.